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rustpreventionandremoval:rust_prevention_and_removal [2014/01/09 03:21] – eidisrustpreventionandremoval:rust_prevention_and_removal [2019/08/27 20:45] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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-====== Introduction =====+====== Introduction ======
  
 Your precious old consoles and computers might be at risk of developing rust. Unfortunately it is inevitable no matter how much effort and love you put in preserving your collection and the question is not if but when. Don't feel bad if that has happened to you because there are many ways how to restore them to their former glory. Your precious old consoles and computers might be at risk of developing rust. Unfortunately it is inevitable no matter how much effort and love you put in preserving your collection and the question is not if but when. Don't feel bad if that has happened to you because there are many ways how to restore them to their former glory.
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 ===== How did it happen ===== ===== How did it happen =====
  
- First of all the good news. PCB's and their chips are very resistant to corrosion. Most of the times rust attacks steel and aluminum metal shieldings as well as various connectors which were directly or indirectly exposed to moisture. Rust does not form if ambient relative humidity is below 40%. The perfect level for storing is 35% - 40%. You can monitor it with hygrometer which is a must have and can be cheaply purchased on eBay. Don't go lower than 30% because that can lead to electrostatic build up.+ Warm air can hold more moisture than cold air. That is why humidity is much lower during winter (~30% - ~45%) and peaks during hot summer days (~45% - ~80%). Condensation occurs when air cools down and releases moisture, usually at night. Moisture tends to attach to the most coldest surfaces which are nearby. Unfortunately for us, it is metal.
  
-|  Item  |  Recommended relative humidity level  | +  * First of all the good news. PCB's and their chips are very resistant to corrosion. 
-|  Semiconductors  |  30 - 50%  | +  * Most of the times rust attacks steel and aluminum metal shieldings as well as various connectors which were directly or indirectly exposed to dirt and moisture. 
-|  Preventing Rust and Corrosion  |  below 55%, < 40% for no rust generation  | +  * Rust does not form if ambient relative humidity is below 40%. 
- +  * Recommended ambient relative humidity for semiconductors is 30 - 50% 
- Warm air can hold more moisture than cold air. That is why humidity is much lower during winter (~30% - ~45%) and peaks during hot summer days (~45% - ~80%). Condensation occurs when air cools down and releases moisture, usually at night. Moisture tends to attach to the most coldest surfaces which are nearby. Unfortunately for us, it is metal.+  * You can monitor it with hygrometer which is a must have and can be cheaply purchased on eBay. 
 +  * Don't go lower than 30% because that can lead to electrostatic build up.
  
 ===== Early symptoms ===== ===== Early symptoms =====
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 **3M™ Particulate filters:** **3M™ Particulate filters:**
-  * 3M™ 5911 P1   Only against solid particulates of non toxic substances +|3M™ 5911 P1  |Only against solid particulates of non toxic substances  | 
-  * 3M™ 5925 P2   Only against solid particulates of fine toxic dusts, water based mists and fumes +|3M™ 5925 P2  |Only against solid particulates of fine toxic dusts, water based mists and fumes  | 
-  * 3M™ 5935 P3   All dusts, water based mists and fumes+|3M™ 5935 P3  |All dusts, water based mists and fumes  |
  
 **3M™ Gas and Vapour Cartridges:** **3M™ Gas and Vapour Cartridges:**
-|  * 3M™ 6051 A1  |                 Organic Vapours bp>65 degrees°C  | +|3M™ 6051 A1  |Organic Vapours bp>65 degrees°C  | 
-  * 3M™ 6054 K1          Ammonia and derivatives +|3M™ 6054 K1  |Ammonia and derivatives  | 
-  * 3M™ 6055 A2          Organic Vapours bp>65 degrees°C +|3M™ 6055 A2  |Organic Vapours bp>65 degrees°C  | 
-  * 3M™ 6057 ABE1               Inorganic vapours and acid gases, Organic Vapours bp>65 degrees°C +|3M™ 6057 ABE1  |Inorganic vapours and acid gases, Organic Vapours bp>65 degrees°C  | 
-  * 3M™ 6059 ABEK1              Ammonia and derivatives, Organic Vapours bp>65 degrees°C +|3M™ 6059 ABEK1  |Ammonia and derivatives, Organic Vapours bp>65 degrees°C  | 
-  * 3M™ 6075 A1 + Formaldehyde  Inorganic vapours and acid gases, Organic Vapours bp>65 degrees°C +|3M™ 6075 A1 + Formaldehyde  |Inorganic vapours and acid gases, Organic Vapours bp>65 degrees°C  | 
-  * 3M™ 6096 A1HgP3R            Organic vapours, mercury vapours and particulates +|3M™ 6096 A1HgP3R  |Organic vapours, mercury vapours and particulates  | 
-  * 3M™ 6098 AXP3 NR            (Full Face Masks only) Gas, Vapour & Particulate Filters +|3M™ 6098 AXP3 NR  |(Full Face Masks only) Gas, Vapour & Particulate Filters  | 
-  * 3M™ 6099 ABEK2P3R           (Full Face Masks only) Organic Vapour+|3M™ 6099 ABEK2P3R  |(Full Face Masks only) Organic Vapour  |
  
-This diagram explains the colours and codes:+**Colour codes and their explanations:**
  
 {{:rustpreventionandremoval:filter_colour_coding.jpg?600|}} {{:rustpreventionandremoval:filter_colour_coding.jpg?600|}}
  
-Cheap and effective kit:+**Now that we know what kind of respirators and filters are available, this narrows us down to the following two candidates:** 
 + 
 +**Cheap and effective kit:**
   *3M Reusable 4279 Organic Vapour /Particulate Respirator (ABEK1P3)   *3M Reusable 4279 Organic Vapour /Particulate Respirator (ABEK1P3)
  
-Not so cheap but customizable kit: +**Not so cheap but customizable kit:** 
-  *3M 6000 or 7000 Series half mask or full face mask+  *3M 6000 Series half mask or full face mask
   *1pair 6059 ABEK1 filters   *1pair 6059 ABEK1 filters
   *1pair 5935 P3 Particulate Filter Cartridges   *1pair 5935 P3 Particulate Filter Cartridges
   *1pair 501 Filter Retainer   *1pair 501 Filter Retainer
  
 +====== Various rust removal methods ======
  
 +**Once again, use respirator while attempting any of the following methods.**
  
 +===== Washing =====
 +If done properly, this is very effective and safe way to clean PCB's. Rust can accumulate more easily on dirty surfaces so this should be attempted only if the PCB is dirty. Remove all batteries before proceeding. Try to work fast but don't rush things.
  
 +  * Fill plastic washing bowl with warm water, add washing powder and submerge the PCB in it.
 +  * Use discarded tooth brush while submerged to clean off all dirt and residue.
 +  * Rinse the PCB afterwards with luke warm tap water and use toothbrush at the same time to remove any leftover residue. Use micro fiber towel to soak up as much moisture as you can. Hold the PCB vertically and shake it to reveal hidden BONUS water from under the chips.
 +  * Use hair dryer on lowest speed whith rapid movements. Distribute heat evenly throughout the whole PCB and do not let it get hot or it might warp. Shake the PCB now and then and clean any excess water with micro fiber towel. Failing to do so will leave water stains just like when washing a car. A better method is to use air compressor, if you have access to one. When completely dry, let is sit for at least one day before attempting to power it on.
  
 +===== Cleaner for electronic and electrical contacts =====
 +The best one I could find is Technicqll Zmywacz do stykow (Cleaner for electronic and electrical contacts). It is mild, does not damage solder mask of PCB's, removes light corrosion, solder flux and is ideal for cleaning PCB's with q-tips. It is generally meant for cleaning cartridge pins and pins of SMD and ordinary chips. The downside to this method is that q-tips will smear the dirt across the area being cleaned, you will have to wipe it off straight away with clean rag and no matter how hard you try, the PCB will never be as clean as when washed.
 + 
 +===== Contact cleaner (CONTACX CX-80) =====
 +  * More agressive than Zmywacz do stykow.
 +  * Can be used for cleaning pins of SMD, ordinary chips and cartridge connectors.
 +  * Effective for removing oxidation, light rust and provides basic protection against rust.
 +  * Can be used with steel and aluminum parts. Use caution when cleaning steel because it can melt the galvanized protective coating and strip it to bare metal.
 +  * Cartridge connectors can be cleaned with it as well using tooth brush.
 +  * It is very effective for cleaning cartridge pins as well.
 +  * **Do not clean PCB's with it because it smears dirt and attacks solder mask.**
  
-In depth explanation on how to choose a filter: +===== Nail varnish ===== 
-filter_selection_guide_br_9046529_en.pdf+Use it to cover exposed copper if solder mask gets damaged and to seal off areas which had lots of rust. This will prevent oxidation.
  
-===== Various rust removal methods =====+===== Baking soda ===== 
 +Can be used for removing rust spots, light surface rust, returning aluminum to its shiny finish and making steel smooth to the touch. 
 +  * Prepare a paste by slowly adding clean water to baking soda. 
 +  * The paste should be slightly wet with small amounts of excess water and not completely dry. 
 +  * Use teaspoon to crush the baking soda crystals as much as possible. The main goal is to achieve as less abrasive paste as possible. 
 +  * The paste can be used to clean cartridge pins, cartridge connectors with toothbrush, aluminum and steel. 
  
-Once again, use respirator while attempting any of the following methods.+===== Apple cider vinegar ===== 
 +Gives better results than White vinegar and is very effective in removing rust from console cartridge connectors, other connectors and steel metal parts and keyboard springs. 
 +  * Submerge the connector or metal part in it and the vinegar should start to bubble. 
 +  * Check on it periodically and use a toothbrush to clean off the dissolved rust once in a while. 
 +  * Rinse the connector or metal part with tap water when no more rust is coming off. 
 +  * Use baking soda paste to neutralise the vinegar acid and use contact cleaner afterwards to protect them from flash rusting.
  
-Washing + **This method is very effective with keyboard springs as well. Just make sure to clean them with baking soda paste before submerging in vinegar. Otherwise they will change color to black.**
-======= +
-If done properly, this is very effective and safe way to clean PCB's. Rust can accumulate more easily on dirty surfaces so this should be attempted only if the PCB is dirty. Remove all batteries before proceeding. Try to work fast but don't rush things. Fill plastic washing bowl with warm water, add washing powder and submerge the PCB in it. Use discarded tooth brush while submerged to clean off all dirt and residue. Rinse the PCB afterwards with luke warm tap water, use toothbrush to remove any leftover residue and then use a micro fiber towel to soak up as much moisture as you can. Use hair dryer afterwards on lowest speed, hold the PCB vertically, to allow the water to drip off, and dry it with rapid movements. Distribute heat evenly throughout the whole PCB and do not let it get hot or it might warp. Shake it in between to help remove water which is hidden under the chips and clean any excess water with micro fiber towel. Failing to do so will leave water stains just like when washing a car. A better method is to use an air compressor, if you have access to one. When completely dry, let is sit for at least one day before attempting to power it on.+
  
-Cleaner for electronic and electrical contacts +===== Rust converter ===== 
-============================================== +Use it only after removing all rust and restoring the desired metal finish to remove any leftover rust and protect the surface. Otherwise it will convert rust to ugly spots which will remind you that it could have been done better. Consider it as a final stage for rust removal.
-The best one I could find is Technicqll Zmywacz do stykow (Cleaner for electronic and electrical contacts). It is mild, does not damage solder mask of PCB's, removes light corrosion, ===solder flux ?=== and is ideal for cleaning PCB's with q-tips. It is generally meant for cleaning cartridge pins and pins of SMD and ordinary chips. The downside to this method is that q-tips will smear the dirt across the area being cleaned, you will have to wipe it off straight away with towel and no matter how hard you try, the PCB will never be as clean as when washed. +
-  +
-Contact cleaner (CX-80) +
-======================= +
-More agressive than Zmywacz do stykow. Can be used for cleaning pins of SMD, ordinary chips and cartridge connectors. Effective for removing oxidation and light rust and provides basic protection against rust. Can be used with steel and aluminum parts. Use caution when cleaning steel because it can melt the galvanized protective coating and strip it to bare metal. Cartridge connectors can be cleaned with it as well using tooth brush. It is very good for cleaning cartridge pins as well. Do not clean PCB's with it because it smears dirt and attacks solder mask.+
  
-Nail warnish +===== Sanding with dremel ===== 
-============ +**This method is destructive so take great caution and use it as a last resort.** It is meant for surfaces which have too much and too deep rust for baking soda, apple cider winegar or contact cleaner to remove. **Never do it with aluminum.** Practice on some unvaluable metal before attempring this on your restorable system.
-Use it to cover exposed copper if solder mask gets damaged. It will seal off air and prevent oxidation.+
  
-Baking soda +  * Set the dremel at high speed and start with 80 grit sanding disc. 
-=========== +  * Use as light pressure as possible and make contacts with surface for short periods of time to remove all heavy rust. You can use 120 grit just to be on the safe side. It will take more time but will be less agressive. 
-Can be used for removing rust spots, light surface rust, returning aluminum to its shiny finish and making steel smooth to the touch. Prepare a paste by slowly adding clean water to baking soda. The paste should be slightly wet with small amounts of excell water and not completely dry. Use teaspoon to crush the baking soda crystals as much as possible. The main goal is to achieve as less abrasive paste as possible. The paste can be used to clean cartridge pins, cartridge connectors with toothbrush, aluminum and steel. +  * Clean off the repairable area with baking soda paste in betwean. You will notice new scratches where rust used to be. 
 +  * Move on to 180 grit sanding disc to clear those scratches which will reveal even finer scratches. 
 +  * Move on to the next recommended grit until the scratches are gone, you are satisfied with the result and all rust is gone. 
 +  * Finish the repaired area by cleaning it with baking soda paste, contact cleaner and finally with rust converter.
  
-Apple cider vinegar +**You can use the following dremel accessories for sanding:**
-=================== +
-Gives better results than White vinegar and is very effective for removing rust from cartridge connectors, other connectors and steel metal parts. Submerge the connector or metal part in it and the vinegar should start to bubble. Check on it periodically and use a toothbrush to clean off the ===dissolved? === rust one in a while. Rinse the connector or metal part with tap water when no more rust is coming off. Use baking soda paste with tooth brush to neutralise the vinegar acid and use contact cleaner afterwards with tooth brush to clean the connect or towel for steel parts to protect them from flash rusting. +
- This method is very effective with keyboard springs as well. Just make sure to clean them with baking soda paste before submerging in vinegar. Otherwise they will change color to black.+
  
-Rust converter +|{{:rustpreventionandremoval:sanding_disc.jpg?150|}}| 
-============== +|  Sanding Discs  |
-Only use rust converter after removing all rust and restoring the desired metal finish to remove any leftover rust and protect the surface. Otherwise it will convert rust to ugly spots which will remind you that it could have been done better. Consider it as a final stage for rust removal.+
  
-Sanding with dremel +  * 80 grit 
-=================== +  * 120 grit 
-This method is destructive so take great caution and use it as a last resort. It is meant for surfaces which have too much and too deep rust for baking soda, apple cider winegar or contact cleaner to remove. Never do it with aluminum. Practice on some unvaluable metal before attempring this on your restorable system. Set the dremel at high speed and start with 80 grit sanding disc. Use as light as possible pressure and make contacts with surface for short times to remove all heavy rust. You can use 120 grit just to be on the safe side. It will take more time but will be less agressive. Clean off the repairable area with baking soda paste in betwean. You will notice scratches where rust used to be. Move on to 180 grit sanding disc to clear those scratches which will reveal even finer scratches. Move on to the next recommended grit as long as the scratches are gone or you are satisfied with the result. Finigh the repaired area by cleaning it with baking soda paste, contact cleaner and finally with rust converter.+  * 180 grit 
 +  * 320 grit 
 +  * 500 grit 
 +  * 1000 grit 
 +  * 2000 grit
  
-You can use the following dremel accessories for sanding:+|{{:rustpreventionandremoval:rubber_polishing_wheels.jpg?150|}}| 
 +|  Rubber Polishing Wheels  |
  
-Sanding discs: +|Black  |  120 grit| 
-  80 grit +|Red  |  150 grit| 
- 120 grit +|Green  |  180 grit| 
- 180 grit +|Blue  |  220 grit| 
- 320 grit +|Gray  |  240 grit| 
- 500 grit +|Purple  |  320 grit|
-1000 grit +
-2000 grit+
  
-Rubber discs: +|{{:rustpreventionandremoval:3m_radial_bristle_discs.jpg?150|}}| 
-White - for stripping metal +|  3M Radial Bristle Discs  |
-Black - for removing extra solder and deep scratches +
-Blue  - for satin finish +
-Pink ? (peach) ? - for mirror finish+
  
-Radials: +|Yellow  |  80 grit| 
-Yellow -  80 grit +|White  |  120 grit| 
-White  - 120 grit +|Red  |  220 grit| 
-Red    - 220 grit +|Blue  |  400 grit| 
-Blue   - 400 grit +|Pink  |  1200 grit| 
-Peach  - 6 micron +|Peach  |  6 micron| 
-Green  - 1 micron+|Green  |  1 micron|
  
-Radials are great for fine works and when you need to remove rust from hard to reach places. Usually where metal is bent.+**Radials are great for fine works and when you need to remove rust from hard to reach places, usually where metal is bent.**
  
-Here are explanations of sandpaper grits:+**Here are explanations of sandpaper grits:**
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandpaper http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandpaper
  
-Acetone +===== Electrolysis ===== 
-======= +Work in progress.
-Can be used to remove galvanized protective coating from steel and strip it to bare metal. Use rust converter as soon as you have cleaned your part to avoid flash rust. +
- +
-Electrolysis +
-============ +
-Comming soon. +
- +
-Molasses+
  
--=Preserving=-+====== Protecting ====== 
 +Work in progress.
  
--Zinc spray +Possible candidates are: 
--Transparent lacquer +  * Silicone oil 
--DIY galvanizing+  * Zinc spray 
 +  * Transparent lacquer 
 +  * DIY galvanizing
  
-Conclusion +====== Conclusion ====== 
-========== +All purists will agree that the restored console or computer will never look the same. That is completely true so if anyone is experienced and knows more efficient way of doing a restoration, please share your knowledge and help us grow. Please keep in mind that this is a DIY so most of us do not have access to expensive industrial machinery. Please share your thoughts and suggestions in the forum or contact forum member Eidis if you have any suggestions on how to improve this guide.
-All purists will agree that the restored console or computer will never look the same. That is completely true so if anyone is experienced and knows more efficient way of doing a restoration, please share your knowledge and help us grow. Please keep in mind that this is a DIY so most of us do not have access to expensive industrial machinery.+
  
-Sources:+Keep the scene alive !
  
-http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/relative-humidity-production-process-d_511.html+Eidis
  
rustpreventionandremoval/rust_prevention_and_removal.1389201681.txt.gz · Last modified: 2019/08/27 20:44 (external edit)